Can You Ship Lithium Batteries by Air? Essential Guidelines and Insights

Shipping lithium batteries by air can be a complex process due to safety considerations and regulations. As these batteries are increasingly used in everyday products—from smartphones to electric vehicles—they have become essential items to transport. However, their potential for combustion when mishandled poses risks. In this article, we’ll explore the rules and considerations to keep in mind when shipping lithium batteries by air.

Understanding Lithium Batteries

What Are Lithium Batteries?

Lithium batteries are energy storage devices that utilize lithium ions to transfer energy between an anode and a cathode. They are popular for their lightweight, high energy density, and ability to recharge. There are mainly two types: lithium-ion batteries (rechargeable) and lithium-metal batteries (single-use).

Why Are They Regulated?

Due to their flammability and potential for thermal runaway (a scenario where batteries can overheat and catch fire), lithium batteries are classified as hazardous materials by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and other regulatory bodies. This classification imposes stringent guidelines on their transportation, particularly by air, to ensure safety.

Air Shipping Regulations

International Regulations

When shipping lithium batteries internationally, it’s essential to adhere to various regulations set forth by IATA and the United Nations (UN). The two primary categories for lithium batteries include:

Lithium-Ion Batteries: Often used in electronics, these batteries are typically subject to specific packaging, labeling, and classification requirements.

Lithium Metal Batteries: These non-rechargeable batteries contain lithium metal and carry even stricter regulations.

Pre-Shipment Checklist

Before attempting to ship lithium batteries by air, ensure that you have the following:

Proper Packaging: Lithium batteries must be packaged in a manner that prevents any risk of short-circuiting or physical damage. Use UN-approved containers, and consider additional cushioning.

Labeling Requirements: Packages should be marked with appropriate hazard labels. This includes the Class 9 label for lithium batteries, which indicates hazardous material.

Documentation: You may need to complete a declaration of dangerous goods form depending on the shipment size and battery type.

Best Practices for Shipping Lithium Batteries

Know the Battery Ratings

Understanding the watt-hour (Wh) rating of lithium batteries is crucial. Batteries with a rating of more than 100 Wh are subject to more stringent regulations. If you’re shipping multiple batteries, the overall watt-hour rating may also influence requirements.

Keep Batteries Charged Appropriately

When shipping lithium-ion batteries, they should typically be charged to around 30% capacity. This reduces the risk of thermal runaway during transport. Always check specific carrier guidelines as practices may vary.

Consider Whether to Ship with a Carrier

Some carriers have specific rules regarding shipping lithium batteries. It’s recommended to confirm whether your chosen shipping service handles such items and what their restrictions are. Carrier policies may differ based on the type of battery and the shipment’s destination.

Alternatives to Air Shipping

Ground Shipping as an Option

If possible, consider using ground shipping for lithium batteries instead of air transport. Ground shipping often has less stringent regulations compared to air, making it a safer option in some cases.

Explore Alternative Energy Sources

For products that can function with other types of batteries, consider moving to non-lithium alternatives for shipping purposes. This may alleviate some of the compliance burdens associated with air shipping lithium batteries.

Conclusion

Shipping lithium batteries by air requires careful planning and adherence to regulations to ensure safety. By understanding the types of lithium batteries, following the relevant guidelines, and implementing best practices, you can navigate the complexities of shipping safely. Always stay updated on regulations, as they may change over time. If you are uncertain, consult with a shipping expert or your carrier to ensure compliance and safety throughout the shipping process. Safe shipping!